Ringworm is a common fungal infection that affects the skin, scalp, feet, and nails. Despite its name, it has nothing to do with worms. The infection is caused by dermatophytes, a group of fungi that thrive on the keratin in your skin, hair, and nails. It can be easily spread through direct skin-to-skin contact or by touching contaminated surfaces.
In this article, we will discuss the most effective antifungal treatments for ringworm, the different forms they come in, and how to use them to treat the infection.
What Causes Ringworm?
Ringworm is caused by dermatophytes, which are a type of fungus that feed on the keratin found in the outer layer of skin. These fungi can be spread from person to person through skin contact, sharing personal items (like towels or combs), or coming into contact with contaminated surfaces or animals.
While ringworm is contagious, it can be easily treated with antifungal medications. The sooner you start treatment, the faster the infection will heal and the less likely it will spread to others.
Types of Antifungal Treatments for Ringworm
When it comes to treating ringworm, there are various antifungal medications available. These medications can be found in different forms, including creams, ointments, powders, and oral tablets. The right antifungal treatment will depend on the severity of the infection, the location of the ringworm, and individual health factors.
Over-the-Counter Topical Antifungals
For mild cases of ringworm, over-the-counter (OTC) antifungal creams, ointments, and sprays are often enough to clear the infection. These medications are applied directly to the affected area and are available without a prescription.
Some common active ingredients in OTC antifungals include:
Clotrimazole: This is a widely used antifungal that works by preventing the fungus from growing and spreading. It is available in creams, lotions, and powders. Apply it to the affected area once or twice a day, depending on the product instructions.
Terbinafine: Terbinafine is another effective antifungal that comes in various forms, including creams and sprays. It works by disrupting the fungal cell membrane, stopping the growth and spread of the infection. It is often used for treating ringworm on the skin and feet.
Miconazole: Miconazole is an antifungal that comes in both cream and spray forms. It works by disrupting the cell membrane of the fungus, killing it. It is effective for treating ringworm on various parts of the body.
Tolnaftate: This antifungal is often used for treating superficial fungal infections, including ringworm. It is available as a cream, powder, or spray. It works by interfering with the fungus’s ability to grow and reproduce.
To use these medications, clean and dry the affected area before applying the antifungal. Be sure to follow the instructions on the package for the best results. Most OTC antifungal treatments need to be used for about 2 to 4 weeks, even if symptoms improve before that time. Stopping treatment early can cause the infection to return.
Prescription-Strength Topical Antifungals
If over-the-counter treatments do not work, your doctor may recommend a prescription-strength topical antifungal. These medications are stronger and more potent than OTC options and may be more effective for severe or widespread ringworm infections.
Some commonly prescribed topical antifungals include:
Betamethasone dipropionate and clotrimazole combination: This is a combination medication that includes an antifungal (clotrimazole) and a steroid (betamethasone). The steroid helps reduce inflammation, while the antifungal kills the fungus. It is often prescribed for more severe cases of ringworm.
Naftifine: Naftifine is a prescription antifungal that is effective for treating ringworm on the skin. It works by inhibiting the growth of the fungus and is usually applied once or twice daily.
These prescription antifungals may be recommended if your infection is resistant to over-the-counter options or if the infection is widespread.
Oral Antifungal Medications
In some cases, topical treatments may not be enough to treat ringworm, especially if the infection is severe, widespread, or located in hard-to-reach areas like the scalp or nails. In such cases, oral antifungal medications may be prescribed.
Oral antifungals are usually taken in pill form and are absorbed into your bloodstream, allowing them to reach areas of the body that topical treatments may not be able to. Common oral antifungals for ringworm include:
Terbinafine (Lamisil): Terbinafine is one of the most commonly prescribed oral antifungals for ringworm. It works by preventing the fungus from producing ergosterol, a substance needed for its cell membrane. A typical treatment regimen involves taking the medication for 4 to 6 weeks.
Griseofulvin: Griseofulvin is another oral antifungal that works by inhibiting fungal cell division. It is typically prescribed for more severe or widespread cases of ringworm, especially those affecting the scalp or nails. Treatment duration usually lasts 6 to 8 weeks, depending on the severity of the infection.
Fluconazole: Fluconazole is an oral antifungal that works by inhibiting the growth of fungi. It may be used when topical treatments have failed or for more extensive infections. The dosage and duration of treatment will depend on the specific case.
Itraconazole: Itraconazole is another oral antifungal that can be used for severe or persistent ringworm infections. It is often prescribed for cases that do not respond to other treatments.
Oral antifungal medications are typically prescribed for a few weeks, and it’s important to follow your doctor’s instructions carefully to ensure the infection is fully treated.
How to Choose the Right Antifungal for Ringworm
The right antifungal treatment for your ringworm will depend on several factors, including:
Severity of the Infection: Mild cases of ringworm can often be treated effectively with over-the-counter antifungals. However, more severe or widespread infections may require prescription-strength medications or oral antifungals.
Location of the Infection: Ringworm can affect different parts of the body, including the skin, scalp, feet (athlete’s foot), and nails. Some antifungal treatments are more effective for certain areas. For example, ringworm on the scalp often requires oral medication, while ringworm on the body can usually be treated with topical creams.
Response to Previous Treatments: If over-the-counter treatments are not effective, your doctor may recommend stronger prescription medications or oral antifungals.
Underlying Health Conditions: If you have a weakened immune system (due to conditions like diabetes, HIV, or medications like steroids), you may be more susceptible to fungal infections and may need stronger or longer-lasting treatments.
Tips for Preventing Ringworm
While antifungal treatments are effective in treating ringworm, preventing future infections is important. Here are some tips to reduce your risk of developing ringworm:
Keep your skin clean and dry: Fungi thrive in warm, moist environments. Make sure to wash and dry your skin thoroughly after sweating, swimming, or exercising.
Avoid sharing personal items: Do not share towels, combs, or other personal items, as ringworm is highly contagious.
Wear breathable clothing: Avoid wearing tight clothing or shoes that trap moisture. Choose clothes made of cotton or other breathable fabrics.
Treat infected pets: Pets can carry the fungus that causes ringworm, so make sure to treat any fungal infections in pets promptly.
Use antifungal powder: If you’re prone to fungal infections, using antifungal powder in areas prone to sweating (like the feet or groin) can help reduce your risk.
Conclusion
Ringworm is a common fungal infection that can be easily treated with antifungal medications. The type of treatment you choose will depend on the severity, location, and extent of the infection. Over-the-counter antifungal creams, ointments, and sprays are effective for mild cases, while oral medications may be required for more severe infections.
If you have a persistent or severe case of ringworm, it’s always a good idea to consult with a healthcare professional. They can prescribe the most appropriate antifungal treatment and help you manage the infection effectively. By following the right treatment plan and practicing proper hygiene, ringworm can be successfully treated, and you can prevent future infections.
Related topics:
