Skin cancer, once primarily considered a concern for older adults or people with fair skin, has become a growing global health issue. This is particularly true in sun-drenched regions such as the Middle East, where constant UV exposure, outdoor lifestyles, and high temperatures are everyday realities. Dermatologists in these areas and beyond have observed a sharp increase in both non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancer cases, with younger generations like Gen Z also increasingly at risk. The surge is driven by a combination of environmental changes, cultural misunderstandings, and evolving beauty habits, highlighting the urgent need for awareness and prevention.
There are different types of skin cancer that people should understand. Non-melanoma skin cancer, which develops slowly in the upper skin layers, is far more common than melanoma. However, melanoma is more dangerous because it can spread to other organs. Despite being less common, melanoma cases are rising, which makes vigilance over new moles or changes in existing moles critical.
Living in a region with nearly constant sunshine increases the risk of skin cancer. Experts recommend using high SPF protection—SPF 50 or above—on the face and body, including often-forgotten areas such as ears, scalp, and feet. Climate change also plays a role in the rising rates, as higher temperatures lead to increased sun exposure, which in turn raises the chances of developing skin cancer.
Early detection remains a key to better outcomes, with medical professionals urging people to watch for signs summarized by the acronym ABCDE: asymmetry, irregular borders, varied colors, diameter larger than six millimeters, and evolving shape, size, or color. Because some areas of the body, such as the back, between toes, scalp, behind ears, under breasts, genital area, and buttocks, are hard to inspect, regular checks or assistance from a partner are recommended. This is especially important for people with darker skin tones, who may develop skin cancer in less obvious ways but are not immune.
Persistent myths continue to contribute to the problem. One is the mistaken belief that sunbeds offer a safer way to develop a base tan. In reality, sunbeds dramatically increase the risk of skin cancer due to intense ultraviolet radiation exposure. Another myth is that sunscreen is unnecessary in winter or cloudy weather; however, experts emphasize year-round sunscreen use regardless of season or age. Repeated unprotected sun exposure significantly increases the risk of skin cancer at any age.
Regular self-examinations and dermatologist visits are crucial, particularly for those with personal or family histories of skin cancer. Lesions or reddish spots that persist for more than two months or undergo any change in appearance should prompt medical attention. For higher-risk individuals, monthly mole checks and dermatologist visits every three to six months, sometimes supported by mole mapping technology, are advised. Genetic factors, such as mutations like CDKN2A, also warrant closer screening and medical monitoring.
New advances in detection and treatment are promising. Artificial intelligence is now capable of diagnosing melanoma and other skin cancers with accuracy comparable to dermatologists. Technologies such as MoleScope and Reflectance Confocal Microscopy enable virtual biopsies and high-resolution imaging, improving early diagnosis. Treatment options include genomic and molecular testing and topical cytotoxic creams for early non-melanoma skin cancers. For advanced melanoma, immunotherapy drugs that stimulate the immune system to attack cancer cells have transformed patient outcomes.
Despite these advancements, prevention remains the most effective strategy. Both dermatologists agree on the importance of applying broad-spectrum sunscreen daily. Studies show that regular sunscreen use can reduce melanoma risk by half and is even more effective against non-melanoma skin cancers. The recommended amount is roughly an ounce, applied 15 to 30 minutes before sun exposure, with reapplication every two hours. Since SPF measures only UVB protection, sunscreen labeled “broad-spectrum” is essential to also guard against UVA rays, which contribute to skin aging and melanoma risk.
The rise in skin cancer cases reflects not only lifestyle changes but also improved screening and awareness. Increased ultraviolet radiation, aging populations, and better detection methods have all contributed to the growing number of reported cases. In sun-drenched regions where sunlight is nearly constant, experts emphasize that sun protection is not optional but essential for health and safety.
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