Eczema is a condition that causes red, inflamed, and itchy patches of skin. While it can be uncomfortable and frustrating, especially because of the itching, there are many ways to manage it. Itching is one of the most bothersome symptoms of eczema, and it can make the skin feel unbearable. The good news is that there are effective treatments and steps you can take to stop the itching and manage your eczema.
Understanding Eczema and Its Causes
Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a skin condition that causes inflammation, redness, and itching. It affects people of all ages, though it is common in children. The exact cause of eczema is unknown, but it is believed to be a combination of genetics and environmental factors. When you have eczema, your skin’s protective barrier is weakened, leading to dryness and irritation. This makes your skin more vulnerable to external triggers such as allergens, harsh soaps, or extreme temperatures, which can cause itching.
Dry skin is one of the most common reasons for eczema itching. When the skin becomes dry, it cracks and becomes more sensitive, making the itching even worse. Other common triggers include stress, sweating, certain fabrics, and harsh chemicals found in skin care products.
The Role of Scratching in Eczema
Scratching is a natural response to itching, but it can make eczema worse. Scratching damages the skin, making it even more irritated and increasing the likelihood of infection. This creates a vicious cycle: the more you scratch, the worse the itching gets, leading to more damage and inflammation. Stopping the itch-scratch cycle is one of the most important steps in managing eczema.
Moisturizing Your Skin to Prevent Itching
One of the most effective ways to stop eczema from itching is to keep your skin moisturized. Dry skin can cause the skin barrier to weaken, allowing irritants to enter and cause itching. Regular moisturizing helps to restore the skin’s barrier function and prevent further irritation.
You should apply a thick moisturizer immediately after a bath or shower while your skin is still damp. This helps to lock in moisture. Look for fragrance-free, hypoallergenic moisturizers to avoid irritating your skin. Products with ingredients like ceramides, hyaluronic acid, and glycerin are excellent choices for eczema-prone skin because they help to hydrate and restore the skin barrier.
Using Soothing Baths to Relieve Itching
Soaking in a bath can help relieve the itching caused by eczema. However, it is essential to avoid hot water, as it can dry out and irritate the skin. Instead, use lukewarm water and add soothing ingredients that can help calm the skin.
Oatmeal baths are a popular remedy for eczema. Colloidal oatmeal contains compounds that have anti-inflammatory properties and can help soothe the skin. Simply add powdered colloidal oatmeal to your bath and soak for 10-15 minutes. Afterward, gently pat your skin dry with a soft towel and apply a moisturizer.
Other soothing bath ingredients include baking soda, coconut oil, and chamomile tea. These ingredients have natural anti-inflammatory properties and can help reduce itching and redness. Avoid using harsh soaps or body washes, as they can strip the skin of its natural oils and worsen eczema symptoms.
Topical Treatments to Relieve Itching
In addition to moisturizing, there are various topical treatments that can help relieve eczema itching. These treatments can help reduce inflammation, prevent infection, and protect the skin from further irritation.
Hydrocortisone Cream Hydrocortisone is a mild steroid cream that is commonly used to reduce inflammation and itching. Over-the-counter hydrocortisone creams are available in strengths ranging from 0.5% to 1%. Apply a thin layer of the cream to the affected areas, but avoid using it on broken skin or large areas of your body. Prolonged use of hydrocortisone can lead to thinning of the skin, so it’s important to use it as directed by your doctor.
Calcineurin Inhibitors Calcineurin inhibitors are prescription creams and ointments that help reduce inflammation by suppressing the immune response. These medications, such as tacrolimus and pimecrolimus, are often used for eczema in sensitive areas like the face and around the eyes. Unlike steroids, they do not cause skin thinning, making them a good option for long-term use.
Coal Tar Coal tar is a treatment that can help reduce itching and inflammation in eczema. It is available in various forms, including shampoos, creams, and ointments. While it can be effective, coal tar can have a strong smell and may stain clothes or bedding. It’s also important to avoid sunlight after using coal tar, as it can make the skin more sensitive to UV rays.
Antihistamines Oral antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl), can help relieve itching, especially when eczema is triggered by allergies. Antihistamines work by blocking the chemicals in the body that cause itching. While they can be effective for short-term relief, they may cause drowsiness and should be used cautiously.
Wet Wrap Therapy Wet wrap therapy involves applying a moisturizer or corticosteroid cream to the affected skin, followed by wrapping the area in a damp cloth. This treatment helps to lock in moisture and allows the medication to penetrate the skin more effectively. It can be especially helpful for people with severe eczema that doesn’t respond to other treatments.
Protecting Your Skin from Eczema Triggers
Avoiding triggers is key to preventing eczema flare-ups and reducing itching. While everyone’s triggers are different, there are some common factors that can worsen eczema symptoms. By identifying and avoiding these triggers, you can minimize itching and irritation.
Temperature and Humidity Extreme temperatures, such as hot weather or cold, dry air, can worsen eczema symptoms. Try to keep your home at a comfortable temperature and use a humidifier to add moisture to the air during the winter months. When outdoors, protect your skin from the sun by wearing loose clothing and applying sunscreen.
Stress Management Stress is a common trigger for eczema flare-ups. Practicing stress-reducing techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, yoga, or regular exercise can help keep stress levels under control and prevent itching. Additionally, getting enough sleep is important for overall skin health and can help reduce flare-ups.
Harsh Soaps and Detergents Many soaps, detergents, and cleaning products contain fragrances or chemicals that can irritate sensitive skin. Choose fragrance-free and hypoallergenic products that are gentle on the skin. Look for mild, moisturizing cleansers and laundry detergents designed for sensitive skin.
Allergens Common allergens such as pollen, pet dander, and dust mites can trigger eczema flare-ups. If you are allergic to certain substances, take steps to reduce your exposure. This may include using allergen-proof bedding covers, keeping pets out of your bedroom, and using an air purifier to remove dust and pollen from the air.
Certain Fabrics Some fabrics, like wool or synthetic fibers, can irritate the skin and cause itching. Opt for loose-fitting, soft cotton clothing, which is gentle on the skin. When sleeping, use cotton sheets and avoid heavy blankets or fabrics that may make your skin sweat or become irritated.
Diet and Eczema
Although the relationship between diet and eczema is still being studied, some people find that certain foods can trigger their symptoms. Common food triggers include dairy products, eggs, nuts, and gluten. If you suspect that a specific food is worsening your eczema, consider keeping a food diary to track what you eat and any changes in your skin. Consulting with a healthcare provider or nutritionist may help you identify food triggers and find a suitable diet plan.
When to Seek Medical Help
If your eczema symptoms are severe or do not improve with home treatments, it is important to seek medical help. A dermatologist can prescribe stronger medications, such as oral steroids or immune-modulating drugs, to help control flare-ups. If your skin becomes infected, you may need antibiotics or antifungal medications. Your doctor can also help you develop a long-term eczema management plan to keep your skin healthy and minimize itching.
Conclusion
Managing eczema and its associated itching can be challenging, but with the right approach, you can minimize discomfort and improve the health of your skin. Moisturizing regularly, using soothing baths, and applying topical treatments can help alleviate itching and inflammation. By avoiding triggers and protecting your skin, you can reduce the frequency of flare-ups and manage eczema more effectively. If your symptoms persist, don’t hesitate to consult a healthcare professional for further guidance. With the right care, you can keep eczema under control and enjoy healthier, more comfortable skin.
Related topics
