The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) has reported a continuing rise in measles cases across England, with 109 confirmed infections in April and 86 cases recorded so far in May. Most affected are unvaccinated children aged 10 and under, with nearly half of recent cases concentrated in London.
This increase mirrors a global trend, as Europe and other regions have also seen a surge in measles infections over the past year. The agency warns that summer travel—whether for holidays or family visits—could trigger further outbreaks in England.
Since the measles vaccine was introduced in 1968, it has prevented over 20 million cases and 4,500 deaths in the UK. However, measles remains common in many parts of the world. Vaccine uptake in England, especially for the MMR vaccine, has declined over the last decade, a trend worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic. This decline has left many children vulnerable, contributing to outbreaks linked to nurseries and schools.
According to a joint report by the World Health Organization (WHO) Europe and UNICEF, Europe recorded 127,350 measles cases in 2024—double the number from 2023 and the highest since 1997. Countries such as France, Italy, Spain, and Germany have experienced significant outbreaks. Worldwide, countries including Romania, Pakistan, India, Thailand, Indonesia, and Nigeria report large numbers of cases.
In England, MMR vaccination rates are below the WHO’s recommended 95%, with London having the lowest coverage. Only 73.3% of five-year-olds in London have received the second dose, compared to the national average of 83.9%. The UK experienced its largest measles outbreak since 2012 from autumn 2023 to summer 2024, mainly affecting young children. Although case numbers have fallen from last year’s peak, local outbreaks still persist.
UKHSA warns that measles is highly contagious and spreads rapidly among the unvaccinated. The agency urges families to ensure that everyone is fully vaccinated, especially those traveling abroad this summer. Vaccination protects not only individuals but also those who cannot receive the vaccine, such as infants under one year and people with weakened immune systems, who face higher risks of severe illness.
Dr Vanessa Saliba, consultant epidemiologist at UKHSA, emphasized the importance of checking vaccination status before travel. She noted that measles can cause serious complications, including ear and chest infections and brain inflammation, sometimes leading to hospitalization and lifelong effects. She stressed that it is never too late to get vaccinated and encouraged families to consult their doctors if unsure about their vaccine records.
Dr Amanda Doyle, national director for primary care at NHS England, highlighted the need to protect children against measles, mumps, and rubella. She noted that the recent rise in cases across England and Europe serves as a reminder for parents to ensure their children’s vaccinations are up to date. The NHS offers free MMR vaccinations as part of its routine immunisation programme and encourages parents to respond to vaccination invitations or check records if vaccinations were missed.
The MMR vaccine is typically given in two doses: the first at one year old and the second before starting school, around age three or four. Two doses provide about 99% protection against measles and rubella, while protection against mumps is lower but still reduces severity.
Anyone who has not received both MMR doses can contact their local health service to arrange vaccination. Catching up on missed vaccinations is safe and recommended at any age to prevent further outbreaks and protect the community.
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